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Basically, macular degeneration is damage or breakdown of the macula of the eye. The macula is a small area at the back of the eye which allows us to see fine details. Macular degeneration makes close work like reading a book or driving, difficult or even impossible at times. When the macula doesn't function correctly, people experience blurriness or darkness in the center of our vision. Although macular degeneration reduces vision in the central part of the retina, it does not affect the eye's side or peripheral vision and it alone does not cause total blindness.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye disease that causes deterioration of the macula which is the central area of the retina and the paper-thin tissue at the back of the eye, where light-sensitive cells send visual signals to the brain. Sharp, clear, 'straight ahead' vision is processed by the macula and on damage to the macula there is development of blind spots and blurred or distorted vision. AMD usually affects individuals who are older than 50 years of age, and scientific evidence shows that genes do play a role in the development of nearly three out of four cases of this devastating eye disease.

AMD is a major cause of visual impairment in the United States and approximately 1.8 million Americans age 40 and older have advanced AMD, and another 7.3 million people with intermediate AMD and are at substantial risk for vision loss. The government estimates that by 2020 there will be 2.9 million people with advanced AMD.

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